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Arredondo: Last Spanish Ruler of Texas and Northeastern New SpainIn this biography of Joaqu n de Arredondo, historian Bradley Folsom brings to life one of the most influential and ruthless leaders in North American history. Arredondo (1776 1837), a Bourbon loyalist who governed Texas and the other interior provinces of northeastern New Spain during the Mexican War of Independence, contended with attacks by revolutionaries, U. S. citizens, generals who had served in Napoleon's army, pirates, and various American
In this biography of Joaqu n de Arredondo, historian Bradley Folsom brings to life one of the most influential and ruthless leaders in North American history. Arredondo (1776-1837), a Bourbon loyalist who governed Texas and the other interior provinces of northeastern New Spain during the Mexican War of Independence, contended with attacks by revolutionaries, U.S. citizens, generals who had served in Napoleon's army, pirates, and various American Indian groups, all attempting to wrest control of the region. Often resorting to violence to deal with the provinces' problems, Arredondo was for ten years the most powerful official in northeastern New Spain. Folsom's lively account shows the challenges of governing a vast and inhospitable region and provides insight into nineteenth-century military tactics and Spanish viceregal realpolitik. When Arredondo and his army--which included Arredondo's prot g , future president of Mexico Antonio L pez de Santa Anna--arrived in Nuevo Santander in 1811, they quickly suppressed a revolutionary upheaval. Arredondo went on to expel an army of revolutionaries and invaders from the United States who had taken over Texas and declared it an independent republic. In the Battle of Medina, the bloodiest battle ever fought in Texas, he crushed the insurgents and followed his victory with a purge that reduced Texas's population by half. Over the following eight years, Arredondo faced fresh challenges to Spanish sovereignty ranging from Comanche and Apache raids to continued American incursion. In response, Arredondo ignored his superiors and ordered his soldiers to terrorize those who disagreed with him. Arredondo's actions had dramatic repercussions in Texas, Mexico, and the United States. His decision to allow Moses Austin to colonize Texas with Americans would culminate in the defeat of Santa Anna in 1836, but not before Santa Anna had made good use of the lessons in brutality he had learned so well from his mentor.Binding Type: Hardcover
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
Published: 03/16/2017
ISBN: 9780806156972
Pages: 336
Weight: 1.30lbs
Size: 9.20h x 6.30w x 1.10d
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4.0 ★★★★★
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★★★★★ 5
Pug Loves His Bed
Color: Blue, Size: Large (Pack of 1), Color: Blue, Size: Large (Pack of 1)
Great bed. I thought it might be too big for our pug but it is just right so he can choose whether he wants to be inside or outside of the little canopy. He didn’t go under for the first couple of months but now he loves going under the canopy especially on cold days.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 21, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Squishy and comfy
Very well made bed. Had I known about Amazon Basics brand sooner, I would have gotten two of these earlier. The other bed I purchased was a Snoozer XL and it arrived in a super compact state; the filler was even compressed and is therefore not as squishy and comfy as this Amazon Basics bed. The dog pictured is about 41 lbs, so it's perfect for her size (my other dog is a 70 lb pittie and he also fits on the bed).The 'hood' does detach, whereas the Snoozer one is permanently attached. Having the hood detach for washing the cover was another plus for this bed. The zippers are heavy duty and the 'sheepskin' is soft (I haven't washed the cover yet, so I don't know if it will pill). This bed arrived ready to use out of the box (very basic packaging); the filler was not compressed, so the bed is definitely more fluffy. This is the XL size and it is smaller than the Snoozer XL size but fits the corner of my room better. This is definitely worth the money.
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Reviewed in the United States on September 23, 2020
★★★★★ 2
I regret my purchase
Color: Blue, Size: Medium (Pack of 1)
A few things: 1) this bed is much smaller than you think. Even if you measure it the way it’s constructed makes the area under the flap super small.
2) my dogs, burrow under blankets, covers, everything. But they don’t burrow under this. It’s designed to be appealing to humans, but dogs don’t care for it.
3) you probably already read this another reviews, but the flap doesn’t really stay up at all. That wouldn’t be a problem for my dogs, but it may be for yours.
My recommendation – don’t buy this. It’s a gimmick. They make others with larger areas under the flap that are more expensive, but it’s worth the money instead of wasting it on this.
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Reviewed in the United States on February 21, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Tough toy
Color: Wisconsin Badgers, Style: NCAA #1 Fan Toy
Dogs haven't destroyed it so that's 5 stars in my house
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Reviewed in the United States on December 23, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Best puppy toy!
Color: Kentucky Wildcats, Style: NCAA #1 Fan Toy
My grand puppy loves loves this hand. I buy
1 every year for her. It’s her favorite puppy toy!!
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Reviewed in the United States on December 29, 2025