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Description
Mouse IL-1β ELISA KitProduct Specification Theory Double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used in this kit. Specific anti mouse IL 1 antibody was precoated on a high affinity microplate. The standard substance, the test sample and the biotinylated detection antibody were added into the microplate Wells. After incubation, the IL 1 present in the sample combined with the solid phase antibody and the detection antibody to form immune complexes. After
Product Specification
| Theory | Double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used in this kit. Specific anti-mouse IL-1β antibody was precoated on a high-affinity microplate. The standard substance, the test sample and the biotinylated detection antibody were added into the microplate Wells. After incubation, the IL-1β present in the sample combined with the solid-phase antibody and the detection antibody to form immune complexes. After washing to remove the unbound material, the horseradish peroxidase-labeled Streptavidin-HRP was added. After washing, the chromogenic substrate was added and the color was developed in the dark. The reaction was terminated by adding the termination solution, and the absorbance value was measured at 450nm wavelength (reference correction wavelength 540nm or 570nm). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | The interleukin-1 (IL-1) protein family contains the classical members IL-1α, Il-1β and IL-1ra, as well as IL-18, IL-33 and IL-1F5-10. IL-1α and IL-1β bind to the same cell surface receptor and share biological functions. "With the exception of skin keratinocytes, some epithelial cells, and certain cells of the central nervous system, unstimulated cells from healthy mice do not produce IL-1." "However, in response to inflammatory agents, infections, or microbial endotoxins, IL-1 is produced in large quantities by macrophages and a variety of other cells." IL-1β plays a key role in the physiological processes of immune response and inflammation, bone remodeling, fever, glucose metabolism, growth hormone /IGF-1. "Abnormal or sustained production of IL-1 has been associated with a range of pathological conditions, including sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, nerve injury, and aging-related diseases." IL-1α and IL-1β have structurally related peptides that share approximately 25% identity at the amino acid level. They were synthesized as the size of 31 kDa precursor, and then cracking into mature protein, molecular weight is about 17.5 kDa. Caspase 1 / ICEI cracking IL - 1 beta precursor is a key step in the inflammatory response. Neither IL-1α nor IL-1β contain typical hydrophobic signal peptides, but there is evidence that these factors can be secreted through nonclassical pathways. Part of raw IL - 1 alpha can appear on the cell membrane, and may have biological activities. Unlike precursor IL - 1 alpha, beta IL - 1 precursor compared with mature body almost do not have biological activities. Both unprocessed and mature IL-1β can be exported from the cell. IL - 1 alpha and beta IL - 1 with IL - 1 ra combination immunoglobulin superfamily receptors play a role. "Cells expressing the 80-kda transmembrane type I receptor (IL-1RI) include T cells, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, endothelial cells, synovial fluid lining cells, chondrocytes, and hepatocytes." "Cells expressing the 68kDa transmembrane type II receptor (IL-1RII) include B cells, neutrophils, and bone marrow cells." "The two IL-1 receptors share approximately 28% identity in their extracellular domains, but a significant difference is found in their intracellular domains: the type II receptor has an intracellular domain of only 29 amino acids, whereas the type I receptor has an intracellular domain of 217 amino acids." IL-1RII does not produce a signal for IL-1 and may act as a decoy receptor to attenuate IL-1 function. IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAcP) is associated with IL-1RI and required for IL-1RI signal transduction. IL-1ra is a secretory molecule that acts as a competitive inhibitor of IL-1. Soluble IL-1RI and IL-1RII can be detected in human plasma, joint synovial fluid, and conditioned media of a variety of human cell lines. In addition, IL-1binding proteins similar to soluble IL-1RII are capable of being encoded by cowpox and vaccinia virus. |
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| General Notes | 1. Please use the kit within the validity period. 2. Components of different kits and different batch kits should not be mixed. 3. If the sample value is greater than the highest value of the standard curve, the sample should be diluted with (1×) The samples were diluted and retested. If the cell culture supernatant sample needs to be diluted, except for the last step, diluent (1×) is used. "In addition to dilution, cell culture medium may be used for other intermediate dilutions." 4. The difference of the test results can be caused by a variety of factors, including the operation of the experimenter, the use of the pipettor, the washing technique, the reaction time or temperature, the storage of the kit, etc. 5. The termination solution in the kit is acidic. Please protect your glasses, hands, face and clothes when using it. 6. For scientific research only, not for in vitro diagnosis. |
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| Storage Temp. | Unopened kit, 2-8° C Storage | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 15.6pg/mL-1000pg/mL |
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4.8 ★★★★★
Based on 18 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 3
Interesting take on the genre
Format: Kindle
True rating: 3.25 ⭐️
I enjoyed the fresh take on the genre. The best way I could describe the setting and world is an apocalyptic dystopian version of Farie where vampires, fae, and angles struggle to survive in what is left of the world. It was definitely interesting throwing the academy/hunger games aspect into this world as well.
Even though I guessed the final reveal early on in the book, I kept hoping I was wrong, and it would take a surprising turn. While the "plot twists" were a bit predictable to me, I still enjoyed the ride this book took me on.
Another downfall for me was the plot holes in the world building... I.E. if society has fallen and the world is in the aftermath of war, how are there trains running around the world? Just to take young adults to the trials to get into the golden city? How is the train maintained, the tracks clear, etc?
However, I did enjoy the FMC & MMC and thought they were fleshed out nicely. I also enjoyed the side characters but wish some were developed more like Ashalin (sp?). I do find myself rooting for the MCs to succeed and find happiness together, which is obviously an important aspect for romantasy.
Overall, was this an earth-shattering, mind-bending, terrific piece of literature? No. But was it the worst thing I've read this year? Also, no. This book has, to me, the bones of a great read & just needs a bit more to push it from an alright book to a great book.
Overall ratings:
Plot- 3.5⭐️
World building 3⭐️
Spice 2.5 🌶🌶
Main characters 4 ⭐️
Supporting characters 3.5⭐️
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Reviewed in the United States on May 12, 2024
★★★★★ 5
great book
Format: Kindle
I am really excited to meet the author at the book retreat this month. I really enjoyed this world that she built and most of the female main character Huntress is so awesome. She goes through a lot in this book and the ending; wow! I wouldn't have even guessed. I highly recommend everyone to read this book.
I have been so lucky this year that almost all the books I have read have been, so far, 5 out 5 stars.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 2, 2026
★★★★★ 4
Fallen for the Fallen Angel – A Guilty Pleasure Worth Every Page
Format: Kindle
There’s something deeply irresistible about a dark academia or trial-based setting, a brooding and arrogant fallen angel, and a fierce heroine with enough sass to go toe-to-toe with him. Wings So Wicked is exactly that kind of book—and I devoured it in just a couple of days.
To be fair, the plot isn’t groundbreaking. If you’re looking for something fresh and innovative in terms of storyline, this might not be it. But if your reader heart beats faster at the mere mention of enemies-to-lovers, jealousy-fueled banter, magical trials, betrayals, and forbidden tension—you’ll feel right at home. It’s like catnip for those of us with this particular weakness.
The chemistry between the leads could have used a slightly slower burn to make the tension sizzle longer, but I still found myself completely invested in their dynamic. There are moments and phrases that feel a bit cheesy or underdeveloped, but honestly? I didn’t care. The vibes were exactly what I wanted.
This book isn’t trying to reinvent the genre—it’s here to give readers like me what we crave: high-stakes magical drama, angsty romance, and the thrill of watching a badass girl and her brooding counterpart clash and spark. If that sounds like your kind of story, Wings So Wicked will hit the mark.
Here’s hoping Book 2 turns up the heat and keeps the magic alive.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 20, 2025
★★★★★ 5
my new favorite book
Format: Kindle
Ok so I never write reviews but this book was so good I felt the need to write this. Firstly your introduced to Huntyr you see her closed off hard core badass than towards the end you see the most subtle change and growth it’s amazing and the enemies to friends to lovers was just perfect, AND THE TWIST AT THE END GOT ME GOOD! You see one spicy scene the whole book but it doesn’t even MATTER BECAUSE THE BOOK WAS THAT GOOD. I’ve read 85 books in 2023-2024 so far and I’m pround to say this is my all time favorite. I’m so excited to read more of Emily Blackwoods books, this was my first time reading one of hers and I’m glad I did because HOLY!! Well done Emily well done
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Reviewed in the United States on February 23, 2024
★★★★★ 4
Fast paced romantasy you will not want to put down!
Format: Kindle
4.25 stars! I LOVED this book with similar vibes to Hush Hush, Fourth Wing, and The Serpent and the Wings of Night! It was fast paced with easy world building and will keep you turning the pages late into the night because you will not want to put it down!
Huntyr is a fierce bad@ss FMC trained to kill vampyres her entire life. She is sent on a mission to go to the academy and earn her spot into The Golden City. Upon arrival, she is forced to room with the delicious fallen angel, Wolf, who is the only one who knows about her assassin identity. The romance, the plot twists, the secrets revealed, the battles, and the tantalizing training scenes had me hooked! And that ending…. I’m holding my breath in need to know hell!
Read if you love:
🪽 Fae, Vampyres, Fallen Angels
🪽 Academy setting with magical trials
🪽 Forced proximity and slow burn
🪽 Rivals to lovers
🪽 Hidden identities and secrets
🪽 Tend your wounds
“𝘖𝘧 𝘤𝘰𝘶𝘳𝘴𝘦 𝘐 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘸𝘢𝘵𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘺𝘰𝘶. 𝘐 𝘤𝘰𝘶𝘭𝘥𝘯’𝘵 𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘬 𝘢𝘸𝘢𝘺 𝘧𝘰𝘳 𝘢 𝘮𝘰𝘮𝘦𝘯𝘵, 𝘦𝘷𝘦𝘯 𝘪𝘧 𝘐 𝘵𝘳𝘪𝘦𝘥.”
“𝘐𝘧 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘸𝘢𝘯𝘵 𝘮𝘦 𝘰𝘯 𝘮𝘺 𝘬𝘯𝘦𝘦𝘴, 𝘏𝘶𝘯𝘵𝘳𝘦𝘴𝘴, 𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘺𝘰𝘶 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘥𝘰 𝘪𝘴 𝘢𝘴𝘬.”
“𝘠𝘰𝘶 𝘥𝘰 𝘯𝘰𝘵 𝘬𝘯𝘰𝘸 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘷𝘪𝘰𝘭𝘦𝘯𝘤𝘦 𝘵𝘩𝘢𝘵 𝘳𝘶𝘯𝘴 𝘵𝘩𝘳𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩 𝘮𝘺 𝘷𝘦𝘪𝘯𝘴, 𝘣𝘦𝘨𝘨𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘮𝘦 𝘵𝘰 𝘰𝘣𝘭𝘪𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘢𝘵𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘺𝘰𝘯𝘦 𝘸𝘩𝘰 𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘴 𝘢 𝘩𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘰𝘯 𝘺𝘰𝘶.”
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Reviewed in the United States on June 12, 2024
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