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Description
Human Gzms-A ELISA KitProduct Specification Usage Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High precision pipette and gun tips: 0. 5 10uL, 5 50uL, 20 200uL, 200 1000uL 3. 37 constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4 overnight, then centrifuge at 1000g for 20
Product Specification
| Usage |
Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High-precision pipette and gun tips: 0.5-10uL, 5-50uL, 20-200uL, 200-1000uL 3. 37℃ constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4℃ overnight, then centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes, and take the supernatant, or store the supernatant at -20℃ or -80℃, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Plasma: Collect the specimen using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge the specimen at 1000 × g for 15 minutes at 2-8°C within 30 minutes of collection. The supernatant can be assayed or stored at -20°C or -80°C, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre-chilled PBS (0.01M, pH 7.4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh the tissue and mince it. Add the minced tissue to the appropriate volume of PBS (generally a 1:9 weight-to-volume ratio, e.g., 1 g of tissue sample to 9 mL of PBS. The specific volume can be adjusted according to experimental needs and recorded. It is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS) in a glass homogenizer and grind thoroughly on ice. To further lyse tissue cells, the homogenate can be sonicated or repeatedly frozen and thawed. Finally, centrifuge the homogenate at 5000 × g for 5-10 minutes, and the supernatant can be assayed. Cell Lysis Buffer: Gently wash adherent cells with ice-cold PBS, then trypsinize and collect cells by centrifugation at 1000 × g for 5 minutes. Suspension cells can be collected directly by centrifugation. Wash the collected cells three times with ice-cold PBS and resuspend them in 150-200 μL of PBS per 1 × 10^6 cells (it is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS; if the cell count is very low, reduce the PBS volume appropriately). Disrupt the cells by repeated freeze-thaw cycles or sonication. Centrifuge the extract at 1500 × g for 10 minutes at 2-8°C, and collect the supernatant for analysis. Other biological fluids: Centrifuge at 1000xg for 20 minutes, remove the supernatant, and test. Pre-test preparation: 1. Remove the test kit from the refrigerator 10 minutes in advance and equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Prepare the standard gradient working solution: Add 1 mL of universal diluent to the lyophilized standard, let it stand for 15 minutes to completely dissolve, then gently mix (concentration is 10 ng/mL). Then dilute to the following concentrations: 10 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, 2.5 ng/mL, 1.25 ng/mL, 0.625 ng/mL, 0.3125 ng/mL, 0.15625 ng/mL, and 0 ng/mL. Serial dilution method: Take seven EP tubes and add 500uL of universal diluent to each. Pipette 500uL of the 10ng/mL standard working solution into the first EP tube and mix thoroughly to make a 5ng/mL standard working solution. Repeat this procedure for subsequent tubes. The last tube serves as a blank well; there is no need to pipette liquid from the penultimate tube. See the figure below for details. 3. Preparation of biotinylated detection antibody working solution: Centrifuge the concentrated biotinylated antibody at 1000×g for 1 minute 15 minutes before use. Dilute the 100× concentrated biotinylated antibody to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10uL concentrate + 990uL universal diluent). Prepare and use immediately. 4. Prepare the enzyme conjugate working solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the 100× concentrated enzyme conjugate at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated HRP enzyme conjugate to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10 μL of concentrate + 990 μL of universal diluent). Prepare immediately. 5. Prepare the 1× wash solution: Dispense 10 mL of 20× wash solution into 190 mL of distilled water (concentrated wash solution removed from the refrigerator may crystallize; this is normal. Allow to stand at room temperature until the crystals have completely dissolved before preparing). Procedure: 1. Remove the desired strips from the aluminum foil bag after equilibration at room temperature for 10 minutes. Seal the remaining strips in a ziplock bag and return to 4°C. 2. Sample addition: Add 100 μL of sample or standard of varying concentrations to the corresponding wells. Add 100 μL of universal diluent to the blank wells. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. (Recommendation: Dilute the sample to be tested at least 1-fold with universal diluent before adding it to the ELISA plate. This will reduce the impact of matrix effects on the test results. The sample concentration should be multiplied by the corresponding dilution factor when calculating the final sample concentration. It is recommended to run replicates for all test samples and standards.) 3. Add Biotinylated Antibody: Remove the ELISA plate and discard the liquid without washing. Add 100 μL of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution directly to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. 4. Wash: Discard the liquid and add 300 μL of 1x Wash Solution to each well. Let stand for 1 minute, shake off the wash solution, and pat dry on absorbent paper. Repeat this process three times (a plate washer can also be used). 5. Add Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution: Add 100 μL of Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. 6. Washing: Discard the liquid and wash the plate five times as in step 4. 7. Adding substrate: Add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, cover with a sealing film, and incubate at 37°C in the dark for 15 minutes. 8. Adding stop solution: Remove the ELISA plate and add 50 μL of stop solution directly to each well. Immediately measure the OD value of each well at a wavelength of 450 nm. Calculating experimental results: 1. Calculate the average OD value of the standard and sample replicates and subtract the OD value of the blank well as a correction factor. Plot the standard curve of the four-parameter logistic function on double-logarithmic graph paper, with concentration as the horizontal axis and OD value as the vertical axis. 2. If the sample OD value is higher than the upper limit of the standard curve, dilute the sample appropriately and retest. Multiply the sample concentration by the corresponding dilution factor. |
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| Theory | This kit uses a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample, standard, biotin-labeled detection antibody, and HRP conjugate are sequentially added to microwells pre-coated with Granzyme A (Gzms-A) capture antibody. After incubation and washing, the sample is developed using the substrate TMB. TMB is converted to blue by peroxidase (HRP) catalysis and to yellow by acid. The intensity of the color is positively correlated with the amount of Granzyme A (Gzms-A) in the sample. The absorbance (OD) is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader to calculate the sample concentration. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | Human | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonym | Human Granzyme A ELISA Kit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Detection Type | Double antibody sandwich method | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | Granzyme A (EC 3.4.21.78, CTLA3, HuTPS, T cell-associated proteinase 1, cytotoxic T lymphocyte serine protease, TSP-1, T cell-derived serine protease) is an enzyme present in the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells possess the remarkable ability to recognize, bind to, and lyse specific target cells. They are believed to protect their hosts by lysing cells bearing surface "non-self" antigens, typically peptides or proteins produced by infectious intracellular pathogens. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Notes | 1. Strictly adhere to the specified incubation time and temperature to ensure accurate results. All reagents must be at room temperature (20-25°C) before use. Refrigerate reagents immediately after use. 2. Improper plate washing may result in inaccurate results. Ensure that all liquid in the wells is aspirated thoroughly before adding substrate. Do not allow the wells to dry out during incubation. 3. Remove any residual liquid and fingerprints from the bottom of the plate, as this will affect the OD value. 4. The substrate developer solution should be colorless or very light in color. Do not use substrate solution that has turned blue. 5. Avoid cross-contamination of reagents and specimens to prevent erroneous results. 6. Avoid direct exposure to strong light during storage and incubation. 7. Do not expose any reagents to bleaching solvents or the strong fumes emitted by bleaching solvents. Any bleaching agent will destroy the biological activity of the reagents in the kit. 8. Do not use expired products, and do not mix components with different product numbers and batches. 9. Recombinant proteins from sources other than the kit may not be compatible with the antibodies in this kit and will not be recognized. 10. If there is a possibility of disease transmission, all samples should be managed properly and samples and testing devices should be handled according to prescribed procedures. |
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| Storage Temp. | If the unopened kit is stored at 4°C, the shelf life is 6 months. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 0.15-10 ng/mL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applications | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids |
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4.8 ★★★★★
Based on 5 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
Should have been like this from the factory!
Size: For 3rd Gen Tacoma (2016-2023), Color: Black
bgucar Driver Side A-Pillar Grab Handle for Toyota Tacoma is a practical interior upgrade designed to provide added support, convenience, and style for Tacoma owners. Built specifically for Toyota Tacoma models, this grab handle offers a secure grip for entering and exiting the vehicle while also enhancing the rugged appearance of the interior.
One of the first things I noticed about the bgucar Driver Side A-Pillar Grab Handle is how sturdy and comfortable it feels once installed. The handle provides excellent support when getting into the truck, especially for lifted Tacomas or vehicles with larger tires that sit higher off the ground.
The construction feels durable and well-made, with solid materials that match the rugged nature of the Tacoma. The handle has a secure grip texture that feels comfortable in the hand while maintaining stability during daily use and off-road driving.
Installation is another major advantage. The grab handle is designed for a straightforward fit on compatible Toyota Tacoma models, and the included hardware makes the process relatively simple. Most users can complete the installation with basic tools in a short amount of time.
Another standout feature is the improved accessibility it provides. Whether climbing into the truck, navigating uneven terrain, or assisting passengers, the handle adds extra confidence and convenience during entry and exit.
The design also blends nicely with the Tacoma’s interior styling. It looks like a factory-style upgrade rather than an aftermarket accessory, helping maintain a clean and cohesive appearance inside the cabin.
I also appreciate the added functionality during off-road trips and rough driving conditions. The grab handle offers additional stability for the driver when traveling over bumps, trails, or uneven surfaces, making the driving experience feel more secure.
The finish and overall appearance are attractive and complement the rugged personality of the Tacoma. It adds a subtle but useful enhancement without looking bulky or out of place.
Another benefit is the durability during long-term use. The handle remains firmly mounted without rattling or loosening, even after repeated use and exposure to varying driving conditions.
The packaging is organized and includes the necessary mounting components, making installation easier and more convenient. Instructions are generally clear, helping simplify the setup process for first-time installers.
For Tacoma owners looking for a functional and stylish interior accessory, the bgucar Driver Side A-Pillar Grab Handle is an excellent option. Its sturdy construction, easy installation, and practical support make it a valuable addition for both daily driving and off-road adventures.
After regular use, I’ve been very satisfied with its overall quality and performance. The added support makes entering and exiting the truck easier, while the durable design provides confidence during every drive.
Overall, the bgucar Driver Side A-Pillar Grab Handle for Toyota Tacoma is a highly recommended upgrade for drivers seeking improved convenience, support, and interior functionality. Its durable build, secure grip, and factory-style appearance make it a smart addition for enhancing both comfort and usability.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 25, 2026
★★★★★ 5
High quality grab handle for 3rd Gen Tacoma
Size: For 3rd Gen Tacoma (2016-2023), Color: Gray, Size: For 3rd Gen Tacoma (2016-2023), Color: Gray
Wanted one of these driver side grab handles for while but could only find it in black. When I saw it available in my trim color immediately ordered it. Installation was a breeze, the fit and color match is absolute perfection with a solid, firm mount. Looks and functions like OEM. This is a high quality, well designed grab handle.
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on March 21, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Best Tacoma interior mod hands down!
Size: For 3rd Gen Tacoma (2016-2023), Color: Black, Size: For 3rd Gen Tacoma (2016-2023), Color: Black
One of the best mods you can do for your Tacoma. I love my truck but the biggest gripe for the interior was no grab handle on the driver side. This solves that with a very OEM look. Only took about 5 minutes to install and comes with all the hardware and even tools to do so. It is very sturdy as well.
If you’re on the fence about buying it just purchase it! Well worth the money.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 31, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Looks Factory, Installs in Minutes
Size: For 3rd Gen Tacoma (2016-2023), Color: Black
This driver-side A-pillar grab handle was exactly what my Tacoma should’ve had from the factory. Installation was genuinely easy. The instructions were clear and straightforward, and while a tool is included, I found a long 10mm socket made the job even faster and easier—especially for getting clean torque without fighting angles. Fitment was spot on with no gaps, rattles, or creaking once installed. The texture and finish match the passenger side perfectly, so it doesn’t scream “aftermarket” at all. It looks OEM because, functionally and visually, it might as well be. Solid feel, sturdy construction, and a big improvement for getting in and out of the truck. Five stars without hesitation.
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Reviewed in the United States on January 7, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Looks great
Size: For 3rd Gen Tacoma (2016-2023), Color: Black
Super happy with this product. Easy to install, great color match (black), excellent quality and perfect fit.
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on May 16, 2026
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