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Description
Human GST ELISA KitProduct Specification Usage Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High precision pipette and gun tips: 0. 5 10uL, 5 50uL, 20 200uL, 200 1000uL 3. 37 constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4 overnight, then centrifuge at 1000g for 20
Product Specification
| Usage |
Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High-precision pipette and gun tips: 0.5-10uL, 5-50uL, 20-200uL, 200-1000uL 3. 37℃ constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4℃ overnight, then centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes, and take the supernatant, or store the supernatant at -20℃ or -80℃, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Plasma: Collect the specimen using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge the specimen at 1000 × g for 15 minutes at 2-8°C within 30 minutes of collection. The supernatant can be assayed or stored at -20°C or -80°C, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre-chilled PBS (0.01M, pH 7.4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh the tissue and mince it. Add the minced tissue to the appropriate volume of PBS (generally a 1:9 weight-to-volume ratio, e.g., 1 g of tissue sample to 9 mL of PBS. The specific volume can be adjusted according to experimental needs and recorded. It is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS) in a glass homogenizer and grind thoroughly on ice. To further lyse tissue cells, the homogenate can be sonicated or repeatedly frozen and thawed. Finally, centrifuge the homogenate at 5000 × g for 5-10 minutes, and the supernatant can be assayed. Cell lysis solution: Gently wash adherent cells with pre-cooled PBS, then digest with trypsin, and collect the cells after centrifugation at 1000×g for 5 minutes; suspended cells can be directly collected by centrifugation. Wash the collected cells 3 times with pre-cooled PBS, add 150-200uL PBS for every 1×10^6 cells to resuspend (it is recommended to add protease inhibitors to PBS; if the content is very low, the PBS volume can be appropriately reduced) and break the cells by repeated freezing and thawing or ultrasound. Centrifuge the extract at 2-8℃, 1500×g for 10 minutes, and take the supernatant for detection. Cell culture supernatant: Centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes, take the supernatant for detection, or store the supernatant at -20℃ or -80℃, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. Other biological fluids: Centrifuge at 1000xg for 20 minutes, remove the supernatant, and test. Pre-test preparation: 1. Remove the test kit from the refrigerator 10 minutes in advance and equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Prepare the standard gradient working solution: Add 1 mL of universal diluent to the lyophilized standard, let it stand for 15 minutes to completely dissolve, then gently mix (concentration is 10 ng/mL). Then dilute to the following concentrations: 10 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, 2.5 ng/mL, 1.25 ng/mL, 0.625 ng/mL, 0.3125 ng/mL, 0.15625 ng/mL, and 0 ng/mL. Serial dilution method: Take seven EP tubes and add 500uL of universal diluent to each. Pipette 500uL of the 10ng/mL standard working solution into the first EP tube and mix thoroughly to make a 5ng/mL standard working solution. Repeat this procedure for subsequent tubes. The last tube serves as a blank well; there is no need to pipette liquid from the penultimate tube. See the figure below for details. 3. Preparation of biotinylated detection antibody working solution: Centrifuge the concentrated biotinylated antibody at 1000×g for 1 minute 15 minutes before use. Dilute the 100× concentrated biotinylated antibody to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10uL concentrate + 990uL universal diluent). Prepare and use immediately. 4. Prepare the enzyme conjugate working solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the 100× concentrated enzyme conjugate at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated HRP enzyme conjugate to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10 μL of concentrate + 990 μL of universal diluent). Prepare immediately. 5. Prepare the 1× wash solution: Dispense 10 mL of 20× wash solution into 190 mL of distilled water (concentrated wash solution removed from the refrigerator may crystallize; this is normal. Allow to stand at room temperature until the crystals have completely dissolved before preparing). Procedure: 1. Remove the desired strips from the aluminum foil bag after equilibration at room temperature for 10 minutes. Seal the remaining strips in a ziplock bag and return to 4°C. 2. Sample addition: Add 100 μL of sample or standard of varying concentrations to the corresponding wells. Add 100 μL of universal diluent to the blank wells. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. (Recommendation: Dilute the sample to be tested at least 1-fold with universal diluent before adding it to the ELISA plate. This will reduce the impact of matrix effects on the test results. The sample concentration should be multiplied by the corresponding dilution factor when calculating the final sample concentration. It is recommended to run replicates for all test samples and standards.) 3. Add Biotinylated Antibody: Remove the ELISA plate and discard the liquid without washing. Add 100 μL of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution directly to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. 4. Wash: Discard the liquid and add 300 μL of 1x Wash Solution to each well. Let stand for 1 minute, shake off the wash solution, and pat dry on absorbent paper. Repeat this process three times (a plate washer can also be used). 5. Add Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution: Add 100 μL of Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. 6. Washing: Discard the liquid and wash the plate five times as in step 4. 7. Adding substrate: Add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, cover with a sealing film, and incubate at 37°C in the dark for 15 minutes. 8. Adding stop solution: Remove the ELISA plate and add 50 μL of stop solution directly to each well. Immediately measure the OD value of each well at a wavelength of 450 nm. Calculating experimental results: 1. Calculate the average OD value of the standard and sample replicates and subtract the OD value of the blank well as a correction factor. Plot the standard curve of the four-parameter logistic function on double-logarithmic graph paper, with concentration as the horizontal axis and OD value as the vertical axis. 2. If the sample OD value is higher than the upper limit of the standard curve, dilute the sample appropriately and retest. Multiply the sample concentration by the corresponding dilution factor. |
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| Theory | This kit uses a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample, standard, biotin-labeled detection antibody, and HRP conjugate are sequentially added to microwells pre-coated with a Glutathione S Transferase (GST) capture antibody. After incubation and washing, the sample is developed using the substrate TMB. TMB converts to blue under the catalysis of HRP and to yellow under the action of acid. The intensity of the color is positively correlated with the amount of Glutathione S Transferase (GST) in the sample. The absorbance (OD) is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader to calculate the sample concentration. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | Human | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonym | Human Glutathione S TransferaseELISA Kit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Detection Type | Double antibody sandwich method | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of isoenzymes in eukaryotic and prokaryotic phase II metabolism, best known for their ability to catalyze the conjugation of the reduced form of glutathione (GSH) to xenobiotic substrates for detoxification. The GST family comprises three superfamilies: membrane, mitochondrial, and microsomal proteins—also known as MAPEGs. The amino acid sequences of GST superfamily members are extremely diverse, and the functions of a significant portion of sequences deposited in public databases are unknown. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Notes | 1. Strictly adhere to the specified incubation time and temperature to ensure accurate results. All reagents must be at room temperature (20-25°C) before use. Refrigerate reagents immediately after use. 2. Improper plate washing may result in inaccurate results. Ensure that all liquid in the wells is aspirated thoroughly before adding substrate. Do not allow the wells to dry out during incubation. 3. Remove any residual liquid and fingerprints from the bottom of the plate, as this will affect the OD value. 4. The substrate developer solution should be colorless or very light in color. Do not use substrate solution that has turned blue. 5. Avoid cross-contamination of reagents and specimens to prevent erroneous results. 6. Avoid direct exposure to strong light during storage and incubation. 7. Do not expose any reagents to bleaching solvents or the strong fumes emitted by bleaching solvents. Any bleaching agent will destroy the biological activity of the reagents in the kit. 8. Do not use expired products, and do not mix components with different product numbers and batches. 9. Recombinant proteins from sources other than the kit may not be compatible with the antibodies in this kit and will not be recognized. 10. If there is a possibility of disease transmission, all samples should be managed properly and samples and testing devices should be handled according to prescribed procedures. |
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| Storage Temp. | If the unopened kit is stored at 4°C, the shelf life is 6 months. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 0.156-10 ng/mL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applications | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernatants and other biological fluids |
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4.4 ★★★★★
Based on 23 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
Plug n play with PS5
Style: Receiver
Pros:
huge sound
PS5, receiver, and LG tv can all be turned on simultaneously with one remote
No settings to dial in, to make, just sounds good out of the box
Cons:
Should have bought this sooner
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Reviewed in the United States on May 8, 2023
★★★★★ 2
Stops working after it heats up
Style: Receiver
This unit can’t stay running for any period longer than 5 hours. The components start to heat up and the sound goes out completely. The audio will only return after the unit has been turned off and cooled. A complete waste of money.
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Reviewed in the United States on October 5, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Most dynamic and engaging sound
1/15/24: I should mention that I connected my old Yamaha rx 1070 and no HDMI or HDCP issues.
The A8A started giving HDCP 2.2 errors. No video on TV. Have to restart receiver to get compatibility. This happened after a recent firmware update. Very unfortunate since it's an awesome receiver.
Update 12/27: so I've had this receiver for just over a month and I can say with confidence that I'm thoroughly enjoying it. I have disconnected to Arundel 1723 speakers and the sound is just outstanding. I leave the surround AI on all the time and I've compared the sound with it on and off and the difference is perceptible. The surround AI makes dialogue more intelligible and creates a wide sound field. The best part again are the scenes which you can configure to your heart's content. I will point to the fact that initially I did the YPAO angle measurement incorrectly.
There are two parts to the stand the tripod(propeller type)and a stand that fits onto it. The fourth position is high up on the stand after it is fixed to the propeller stand. Use a tripod stand to achieve great results. If you have Dolby Atmos and/ or front presence and rear presence speakers turn off the speaker virtualization and this will give you better sound. Also when doing the calibration choose your measurement points at least two to three feet apart.
To give you some context I have tested the Onkyo RZ70, Sony 7000ES ,marantz Cinema 50 and Denon X4800.
The Yamaha a8a outshines all these receivers. It is a blast to watch movies. The sound is very punchy especially in the mid bass and the lower bass is literally room shaking.
The surround AI feature is awesome and I would advise that you use it. I was initially skeptic about this but it creates a sense of immersion as if you are right in the movie. The dialogue is crystal clear and very easily intelligible. I would strongly recommend using AI or at least giving it a try.
The remote is backlit which is great. One of the most powerful features of this receiver is scenes. With this, you can assign various functions to one button on the remote.
The only downside I see is the on-screen display which takes up the whole screen. It should be a banner at the bottom. The other issue I have is in the music cost app where on the input screen the whole real estate is taken up by a symbol that you can choose. I would have preferred instead some more useful information like the number of speakers being used. This is one of the best receivers I've ever heard. You will not be disappointed if you buy this.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 19, 2023
★★★★★ 5
Premium sound quality
Wao. This is amazing
I am extremely satisfied with the Yamaha A8A. It delivers excellent sound quality and offers a premium Hi-Fi listening experience. I previously used a Denon 13.2 receiver, and the Yamaha not only measures up but surpasses it in many ways. The sound is outstanding, and I am very impressed with its performance. Overall, I highly recommend the Yamaha A8A for anyone seeking a high-quality audio receiver.
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Reviewed in the United States on October 25, 2025
★★★★★ 5
Quality and reliability included
Powerful upgrade to my modest home theater
I had an a4a and wanted to upgrade to 5.2.4
Having the ability to adjust subs independently is the biggest difference I noticed immediately and made a huge impact in balancing my sound
Paired with a emotiva basx A3 to take the pressure of my front stage I couldn’t be happier with how dynamic this setup is
I tried a Denon 6700 and didn’t like it. The Yamaha has a backlit remote that lights up just by picking it up and pass through works great so with the unit off I can use anything attached to it with headphones or tv speakers without having to wake the family
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Reviewed in the United States on April 9, 2026