SKU: 11103789653

ROMAN.Gallienus AD 253-268 BI Double-Denarius / Rev. Providentia NGC (022)

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Description

ROMAN.Gallienus AD 253-268 BI Double-Denarius / Rev. Providentia NGC (022)ROMAN EMPIRE GALLIENUS 253 268 AD BI DOUBLE DENARIUS Roman Age of Chaos CERTIFIED BY NGC Obverse: Gallienus facing right, wearing a military style drape and a radiate crown, framed by the inscription "GALLIENVS AVG," which simply means "Emperor Gallienus." Reverse : PROVIDENTIAAVG Providentia standing, facing, holding globe and scepter. In Roman mythology, Providentia was the goddess of forethought. Providentia (Providence). With all their vices,


ROMAN EMPIRE

GALLIENUS 253-268 AD

BI DOUBLE DENARIUS

Roman Age of Chaos 

CERTIFIED BY NGC

Obverse: 
Gallienus  facing right, wearing a military style drape and a radiate
crown, framed by the inscription "GALLIENVS AVG," which simply means "Emperor
Gallienus."

Reverse : PROVIDENTIAAVG - Providentia standing,
facing, holding globe and scepter.


In Roman mythology, Providentia was the
goddess of forethought. Providentia (Providence). With all their vices, follies,
and gross superstitions (indeed, in spite of them), the Romans still appear to
have cherished a belief in the perpetual and direct interposition of the gods
with respect to human affairs. Among the various monuments which attest this
religious feeling, or at leas this profession of religion, on the part of both
princes and people, none are more conspicuous than those to be found on their
imperial coins, for it is to be observed that previous to the substitution of
the monarchical for the republican form of government, that allegorical divinity
whose name is derived from providere (to foresee) is not seen either on metal or
on marble. In ancient Roman religion, Providentia is a divine personification of
the ability to foresee and make provision. She was among the embodiments of
virtues that were part of the Imperial cult of ancient Rome. Providentia thus
figures in art, cult, and literature, but has little or no mythology as such.



Providentia was an important moral and philosophical abstraction in Roman
discourse. Cicero says it is one of the three main components of prudentia, "the
knowledge of things that are good or bad or neither," along with memoria,
"memory," and intellegentia, "understanding." The Latin word is the origin of
the Christian concept of divine providence.




Gallienus was Emperor of the Roman Empire
from AD 253-268, sharing the throne with his father Valerian until AD 260, then
as sole ruler until his death in AD 268. Based upon the inscriptions, this
Billon Double-Denarius of Gallienus was struck during his solitary reign, AD
260-268. The Romans typically used doubled letters to indicate plurality.
Coinage of Gallienus minted during his joint reign are inscribed "AVGG" (two
emperors), while later coins bear the inscription "AVG."





Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus ( c. 218
– September 268) was Roman emperor with his father Valerian from 253 to 260 and
alone from 260 to 268. He ruled during the Crisis of the Third Century that
nearly caused the collapse of the empire. He won a number of military victories
against usurpers and Germanic tribes, but was unable to prevent the secession of
important provinces. His 15-year reign was the longest in half a century.



Born into a wealthy and traditional senatorial family, Gallienus was the son of
Valerian and Mariniana. Valerian became Emperor in September 253 and had the
Roman senate elevate Gallienus to the ranks of Caesar and Augustus. Valerian
divided the empire between him and his son, with Valerian ruling the east and
his son the west. Gallienus defeated the usurper Ingenuus in 258 and destroyed
an Alemanni army at Mediolanum in 259.



The defeat and capture of Valerian at Edessa in 260 by the Sasanian Empire threw
the Roman Empire into the chaos of civil war. Control of the whole empire passed
to Gallienus. He defeated the eastern usurpers Macrianus Major and Lucius
Mussius Aemilianus in 261–262 but failed to stop the formation of the breakaway
Gallic Empire under general Postumus. Aureolus, another usurper, proclaimed
himself emperor in Mediolanum in 268 but was defeated outside the city by
Gallienus and besieged inside. While the siege was ongoing, Gallienus was
assassinated, stabbed to death by the officer Cecropius, as part of a
conspiracy.

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SKU: 11103789653

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Amazon Customer
Los Angeles, US
★★★★★ 5
Survives 7 months so far.
Color: Christmas Consuela, Size: Large Dog
It is still intact after nearly 7 months of constant play. My blue heeler normally destroys toys in just a few weeks. Consuela has exceeded expectations of survival with an extremely chewy, destruction prone dog.
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on June 6, 2026
D
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D. Thomas
Bozeman, US
★★★★★ 4
Short-lived but much enjoyed as a chew toy
Color: Consuela the Cactus - Large, Size: Large Dog
I bought two of these for my "granddogs" in the size for Large dogs. The German Shepherd-mix stole the one intended for the border collie-mix and had both toys halfway destroyed within a day--I'm pretty sure they didn't survive much longer after that. Much enjoyed! Maybe I should've bought the Extra Large size, because the Large barely fit in her mouth and she wanted to play tug-of-war, so there wasn't much for me to grab onto. Then the border collie wanted in on the action (she's older, so she needed help tugging!) but there wasn't enough material for her to grab onto without accidentally sinking her teeth into me instead.
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Reviewed in the United States on December 9, 2025
R
Verified Purchase
Ryan Davisson
Pawtucket, US
★★★★★ 5
Best dog toy!
Color: Air Head, Size: Large Dog, Color: Air Head, Size: Large Dog
I got this toy for my dog who loves squeakers not only is it a two in one it actually has three toys inside which I think is amazing!! 10/10 recommend
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on June 11, 2026
V
Verified Purchase
VPBN
Chelsea, US
★★★★★ 5
Love all the Barkbox toys
Color: Christmas Consuela, Size: Large Dog
This is our third "Consuela"! Our dogs LOVE these toys, and they are the most durable we can find for our heavy chewers. They really like the ball inside as well. Highly, highly recommend these toys. I won't be buying other toys anymore, just barkbox.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 27, 2026
B
Verified Purchase
billy
Lexington, US
★★★★★ 5
My dog is a toy destroyer
Color: Consuela the Cactus - Large, Size: Large Dog, Color: Consuela the Cactus - Large, Size: Large Dog
I’ve had a hard time trying to find toys that my dog, Zara loves because she’s actually very picky. Ive gotten plenty of Kong toys that are well known to be indestructible but she wants nothing to do with them. Then I got her ropes and that seemed to be good for a while until she was getting sick in the middle of the night from eating all of the string. Stuffed toys aren’t good because she’ll rip them within seconds and eat all of the stuffing. I felt like I’ll never score the perfect toy for her. I found the three layered cactus toy and decided to give it a go. It’s clearly designed to be ripped and destroyed to get the ball in the middle which is actually really cute and fun to see all of the layers. The cactus arms have stuffing and of course that’s the first thing she went for and ate. I had to watch her and make sure I took the stuffing away before she ate it. And before I knew it, she ate half of the first layer fabric lol once she got through the first layer, all she’s been doing is walking around the house with the toy in her mouth. But now she’s tired and passed out on the couch from all of the fun. This toy won’t last long with a toy destroyer but it sure does give them something to do and it’s a cute toy. I do recommend!!
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on July 26, 2024

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