SKU: 34443422250

Free Blacks on the Winchester City, Virginia Personal Property Tax Lists, 1789-1862

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Free Blacks on the Winchester City, Virginia Personal Property Tax Lists, 1789-1862The author has abstracted the information for free African Americans in Winchester City, Virginia and has arranged them into seven categories: Year; last name; first name; age; occupation [only given infrequently on the rolls]; property description & value; memo [oftentimes describing the exact location of the taxpayer or his former owners if freed in recent decades]. This volume is provided in three separate arrangements to facilitate genealogical

The author has abstracted the information for free African-Americans in Winchester City, Virginia and has arranged them into seven categories:
Year;
last name;
first name;
age;
occupation [only given infrequently on the rolls];
property description & value;
memo [oftentimes describing the exact location of the taxpayer or his former owners if freed in recent decades].

This volume is provided in three separate arrangements to facilitate genealogical research by African-American families; 1) chronologically by year; 2) sorted by last name of the individual; and 3) sorted by first name.

A similar volume is available for Frederick County, which was taxed separately from the city of Winchester

Information recorded in Virginia personal property tax records provide a wealth of information regarding the social status of an individual. The early laws required the tax commissioner in each district to record in "a fair alphabetical list" the names of the person chargeable with the tax, the names of white male tithables over the age of twenty-one, the number of white male tithables between ages sixteen and twenty-one, the number of slaves both above and below age sixteen, various types of animals such as horses and cattle, carriage wheels, ordinary licenses, and even billiard tables. Free Negroes are listed by name and often denoted in the list as "free" or "FN." By the 1850s, the personal property tax records contained detailed descriptions of personal property owned.

The most frequent use of personal property tax records is for the direct information recorded: name of the property owner, type and quantity of property owned, and amount of tax paid. Comparative analysis of personal property tax records from year to year may lead to conclusions about social, economic, and agricultural history, as well as the status of certain individuals or groups of property owners within a locality.

For genealogical researchers, personal property tax records may provide important data. Individuals with the same names in a locality may be distinguished by a junior or senior, or residence (often listed by street). Parentage may be expressly or implicitly stated by either the name or number of male tithables between the ages of sixteen and twenty-one in the household of the taxpayer. The names of women appear occasionally when owning property in their own right or as the widow of a property owner. By studying the lists from year to year, researchers may trace an ancestor to determine the date of departure from a locality, or possibly the year of death. The name of a taxpayer will continue on the tax list, noted as "deceased" or "estate," until the estate is settled.

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SKU: 34443422250

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Oohlala857
Los Angeles, US
★★★★★ 5
Wow!
Format: Kindle
This book was awesome! Seraphina and her family have moved to a new town. Her family is a bit... odd. She grew up learning how to protect herself from people who might hurt her. Bloodshed is a daily occurrence with her brothers and parents during their practice sessions, and it’s all fun and games unless you need to hide a body. Sera’s family is very close, and she’s been homeschooled most of her life. But in this new town she is going to start regular school as a senior at the local high school. Unfortunately, things at her school aren’t all they seem to be. Or perhaps more than they seem to be. Sera has her own demons to deal with, and she’s terrified her new friends will learn about her weird family and other issues and drop her like a rock. It turns out they have their own secrets as well. This story ends on a bit of a cliffhanger and I can’t wait to read the next one! This book is well written and well edited. The heroine is spunky and has a great heart and wicked sense of humor.
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Reviewed in the United States on November 12, 2021
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GhostHina
Houston, US
★★★★★ 5
Addicting!
Format: Kindle
I could not stop reading. It was so refreshing to have a series start so completely different than most fated mates/fantasy academy rh I’ve been reading. From the desert scenery to the magic and feeding plus the psychological trauma the characters are there to deal with. Pandora is absolutely adorable and I totally relate to hiding behind my hair. I love that she’s literally the most scary type of demon but it’s not the usual “badass mc” persona (which I do love a badass that can fend for herself and kick ass from the start but it was a nice change of pace). I’m not usually a big fan of bully within the harem but each character has their reasons for their actions and also conflicting feelings about them. I adore Dex and Reed! Complete opposites but their personalities and inner monologues made them instant favs. I can’t wait to see the character growth with the guys and continued strength for Pandora. The captivating characters and references to the Fate Hallow series added so much depth and now I need another reread while I wait for book 2. The concept of magic and the unique feeding habits of the demon characters were intriguing. I can't wait for the next book to continue this thrilling journey. In summary, this book is a must-read for fantasy and magic academy rh fans. With its enchanting characters, nods to the Fate Hallow series, and imaginative concepts, it offers an immersive reading experience that hwill leave you craving for more.
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Reviewed in the United States on June 5, 2024
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𝔹𝕠𝕠𝕜𝕄𝕠𝕥𝕙
Massapequa, US
★★★★★ 4
Best academy I've read this year
Format: Kindle
I need a few things when it comes to a first book of a PNR romance series 1-Good world building (which this totally did) 2-An FMC I can root for (oh hell yes, Pandora is someone I can cheer for) 3-Good drama (can you say GROVEL BOYS!) 4-Enough story to make you feel like you really read something with meat (you saw this book is like 600 pages, yeah?) 5-A hook at the end so I want more! (please, Lyra, gimmie more?!? I need more!!) Be aware this book is a slow burn, but damn do I feel like there'll be some big payoff when it finally happens. Who doesn't like the buildup?
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Reviewed in the United States on June 4, 2024
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Steffikins
Phoenix, US
★★★★★ 5
Pandora’s Pain, Power, and Passion
Format: Kindle
I absolutely love this new world Lyra Winters has created! The spin on a Demon Academy setting was fresh, unique, and completely addictive. Pandora is a character who immediately captured my heart. Thought to be powerless and enduring years of brutal abuse from her mother, it’s no surprise that her powers emerge at the exact moment she needs them most. After her mother’s death, Pandora discovers her father is none other than Death himself, a soul eater with a dark legacy. Her journey at the academy is anything but easy, filled with challenges tied to her father’s infamous reputation, her barely controlled abilities, and the cruelty of those around her. Pandora is easy to root for, you feel every ounce of her pain, resilience, and growth. Along the way she meets Reed, a half-human dream demon who’s kind, steady, and the kind of friend everyone wishes they had. There’s also Hunter, a vengeance demon and counselor connected to her father, who adds another intriguing layer to her story. Then there are the bullies: Dexter, a brooding shadow demon; Bram, a chaos demon with a drinking problem and deep hatred for demon nobility; and Skel, a fear demon wrestling with his own darkness. They might hurt her, but they also can’t seem to stay away when she’s in danger, making for some deliciously complicated dynamics. This book hits so many of my favorite tropes: friends to lovers, enemies to lovers, and of course, the irresistible “who hurt you?” storyline. I devoured it, and I’m already diving straight into book two!
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Reviewed in the United States on September 4, 2025
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Brandi
San Leandro, US
★★★★★ 5
So good!
Format: Kindle
Oh my goodness! What did I just read? Lyra Winters you have some serious explaining to do! That cliffhanger killed me! I am so happy to be back in the world of Kalista. This is definitely darker than Fates Hollow but oh so good. This is a fated mates reverse harem which I absolutely love. Pandora had a very hard and rough upbringing. She lives in pain constantly and it makes it hard on her. She struggles with everything because she was kept so isolated and is new to her magic. Pandora gets sent to the Reform Academy and all of them have reasons why they are there. I love how, after everything she has been through, she is still a nice person. She is growing and becoming stronger too. Love her character. The guys all act like jerks at first but all have a back story that helps understand why even though want to smack them. I'm here for the groveling that I'm sure will come. I love them all. They each bring something for her. They are all drawn to her though. This is a slow burn book but there will be more books in the series so sure it will build. Man, that cliffhanger was a doozy and need book 2 now!
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Reviewed in the United States on June 3, 2024

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