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Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307-337 AE3 BI Nummus / ANGELS OF VICTORY NGC (23)

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Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307-337 AE3 BI Nummus / ANGELS OF VICTORY NGC (23)Roman Empire Constantine I AD 307 337 AE3 BI Nummus Obverse: Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust right. Reverse: Two Victories (Nikes) standing, facing each other, together holding shield reading VOT PR on cippus. In ancient Roman religion, Victoria or Victory was the personified goddess of victory. She is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Nike, and was associated with Bellona. She was adapted from the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had



Roman Empire



Constantine I AD 307-337

AE3 BI  Nummus

Obverse: Laureate, helmeted, cuirassed bust
right.

Reverse: Two Victories (Nikes) standing, facing each other, together holding
shield reading VOT/PR on cippus.



In ancient Roman religion, Victoria or
Victory was the personified goddess of victory. She is the Roman equivalent of
the Greek goddess Nike, and was associated with Bellona. She was adapted from
the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had a temple on the Palatine Hill.
The goddess Vica Pota was also sometimes identified with Victoria.



Unlike the Greek Nike, the goddess Victoria (Latin for "victory") was a major
part of Roman society. Multiple temples were erected in her honor. When her
statue was removed in 382 CE by Emperor Gratianus there was much anger in Rome.
She was normally worshiped by triumphant generals returning from war.



Also unlike the Greek Nike, who was known for success in athletic games such as
chariot races, Victoria was a symbol of victory over death and determined who
would be successful during war.



Victoria appears widely on Roman coins, jewelry, architecture, and other arts.
She is often seen with or in a chariot, as in the late 18th-century sculpture
representing Victory in a quadriga on the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin, Germany;
"Il Vittoriano" in Rome has two.



Winged figures, very often in pairs, representing victory and referred to as
"victories", were common in Roman official iconography, typically hovering high
in a composition, and often filling spaces in spandrels or other gaps in
architecture. These represent the spirit of victory rather than the goddess
herself. They continued to appear after Christianization of the Empire, and
slowly mutated into Christian angels.



Constantine I 'The Great' - Roman Emperor:
307-337 A.D.



Caesar (Recognized): 306-309 A.D. | Filius Augustorum (Recognized): 309-310 A.D.
| Augustus (Self-Proclaimed): 307-310 A.D. | Augustus (Recognized): 310-337 A.D.
|



| Son of Constantius I 'Chlorus' and Helena | Step-son of Theodora | Husband of
Minervina and Fausta | Father (by Minervina) of Crispus and (by Fausta) of
Constantine II, Constantius II, Constans, Constantina (wife of Hanniballianus &
Constantius Gallus) and Helena the Younger (wife of Julian II) | Son-in-law of
Maximian and Eutropia | Brother-in-law of Maxentius | Half-brother of Constantia
(w. of Licinius I) | Half-uncle of Delmatius, Hanniballianus, Constantius
Gallus, Julian II, Licinius II and Nepotian | Grandfather of Constantia (wife of
Gratian) |



Constantine the Great (Latin: Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinus Augustus;
27 February c. 272 AD - 22 May 337 AD), also known as Constantine I or Saint
Constantine (in the Orthodox Church as Saint Constantine the Great,
Equal-to-the-Apostles), was a Roman Emperor from 306 to 337 AD. Constantine was
the son of Flavius Valerius Constantius, a Roman army officer, and his consort
Helena. His father became Caesar, the deputy emperor in the west in 293 AD.
Constantine was sent east, where he rose through the ranks to become a military
tribune under the emperors Diocletian and Galerius. In 305, Constantius was
raised to the rank of Augustus, senior western emperor, and Constantine was
recalled west to campaign under his father in Britannia (Britain). Acclaimed as
emperor by the army at Eboracum (modern-day York) after his father's death in
306 AD, Constantine emerged victorious in a series of civil wars against the
emperors Maxentius and Licinius to become sole ruler of both west and east by
324 AD.



As emperor, Constantine enacted many administrative, financial, social, and
military reforms to strengthen the empire. The government was restructured and
civil and military authority separated. A new gold coin, the solidus, was
introduced to combat inflation. It would become the standard for Byzantine and
European currencies for more than a thousand years. The first Roman emperor to
claim conversion to Christianity, Constantine played an influential role in the
proclamation of the Edict of Milan in 313, which decreed tolerance for
Christianity in the empire. He called the First Council of Nicaea in 325, at
which the Nicene Creed was professed by Christians. In military matters, the
Roman army was reorganised to consist of mobile field units and garrison
soldiers capable of countering internal threats and barbarian invasions.
Constantine pursued successful campaigns against the tribes on the Roman
frontiers-the Franks, the Alamanni, the Goths, and the Sarmatians-even
resettling territories abandoned by his predecessors during the Crisis of the
Third Century.



The age of Constantine marked a distinct epoch in the history of the Roman
Empire. He built a new imperial residence at Byzantium and renamed the city
Constantinople after himself (the laudatory epithet of "New Rome" came later,
and was never an official title). It would later become the capital of the
Empire for over one thousand years; for which reason the later Eastern Empire
would come to be known as the Byzantine Empire. His more immediate political
legacy was that, in leaving the empire to his sons, he replaced Diocletian's
tetrarchy with the principle of dynastic succession. His reputation flourished
during the lifetime of his children and centuries after his reign. The medieval
church upheld him as a paragon of virtue while secular rulers invoked him as a
prototype, a point of reference, and the symbol of imperial legitimacy and
identity. Beginning with the Renaissance, there were more critical appraisals of
his reign due to the rediscovery of anti-Constantinian sources. Critics
portrayed him as a tyrant. Trends in modern and recent scholarship attempted to
balance the extremes of previous scholarship.



Constantine is a significant figure in the history of Christianity. The Church
of the Holy Sepulchre, built on his orders at the purported site of Jesus' tomb
in Jerusalem, became the holiest place in Christendom. The Papal claim to
temporal power in the High Middle Ages was based on the supposed Donation of
Constantine. He is venerated as a saint by Eastern Orthodox, Byzantine
Catholics, and Anglicans.








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Another Floyd
Belleville, US
★★★★★ 5
Essential kit for those with fetch dogs
Size: 18in, Style: Sport
Now in our 3rd year, my Brittany and I are down to about 40 fetch tosses a day, some 14,600 tosses a year. The Chuck It launcher wears well, so, figure at least 5 years of use, for 73,000 tosses. That makes for a terrific value! There are several key benefits of the Chuck It launchers: One is that you can chuck the ball further than you can throw, which allows you to exercise your dog more easily. The second is that you can pick up and launch the ball without touching it, which means NO slime! And, the Chuck It also gives extra reach when you have to retrieve a ball from sticker brambles. Those are great features for anyone with a fetch dog. If you also happen to have a weak arm or shoulder, the Chuck It launchers provide nice throwing options. I generally throw underhanded. I can't get the full potential range, that way, but, I still get good, long tosses. I curl my second finger above the last bump on the handle, and use a good wrist flick along with arm swing. I've seen others throw side-arm with the Chuck It. I had originally written a second review for the longer 25M Chuck It. Either I, or Amazon messed up, and it looks like I can have only this one review. So, here are my additional thoughts on the 25M: I bought the 25M so that I could throw the ball even further! The good news is, you really can chuck further, with the longer chucker. The bad news is, those longer throws do require more arm and shoulder strength than when using the 18M. This becomes more obvious when you've done 3 or 4 dozen throws. I would recommend the 25M only for those with the youth and/or strength to get the most out of it. Otherwise, I'd say, go with the 18M.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 11, 2016
C
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charles jensen
Omaha, US
★★★★★ 4
Will buy again
Size: 25in, Style: Sport
Fits the bill.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 28, 2025
L
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Liz H.
Lake Worth, US
★★★★★ 5
Must Have for Tiring Out Your Pup
Size: 25in, Style: Sport
The Chuckit! Sport 25M Dog Ball Launcher is an absolute must-have for any dog owner with an active pup! This thing takes fetch to a whole new level—effortless long throws, hands-free pickup (no more slobbery tennis balls!), and a comfortable grip that makes playtime easier and way more fun. My dog absolutely loves it, and I love that it helps her burn off energy without tiring out my arm. The included medium ball is the perfect size for medium to large dogs, and the durable construction means it's built to last. If you're looking for a simple but game-changing way to upgrade fetch, this is it. Highly recommend!
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Reviewed in the United States on February 13, 2025
A
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Ann
Birmingham, US
★★★★★ 5
My Niece dog loves it!
Size: 18in, Style: Sport
This ball launcher takes a bit of getting. used to, but it is really helpful for those of us who are not MLB pitchers! The launcher itself is a sturdy plastic that is not brittle yet not soft; when the ball is launched there is no destructive bending in the shaft. The handle is padded and ergonomically sound while the cup end cradles the ball but has cut-outs on each side for easy loading and unloading of the ball. It did take a bit of practice for me to get the hang of it, but for my husband and son it was much easier. The launcher works well to help us older, non-gifted athletes launch the ball farther and faster while saving the shoulder, elbow, and wrist (important if there is any arthritis). The ball fits nicely into the cup and releases easily. The 2.5 size was too small for my Doberman, so we opted for the 3.5 in launcher. This smaller launcher and ball are now in the employ of my sister and her husband for their retriever-border collie mix, an 18 month old little fireball!. This is just the right size for her. My sister's husband has difficulty with arthritis and is neither quick on his feet nor able to stand very long. So the launcher comes in very handy. He can actually sit in a lawn chair and throw the ball repeatedly when their dog retrieves and returns it to him. That is a win- win! Top 3 Likes: -Easy to use -Helps older pet owner -Drives the ball farther and faster Top 3 Dislikes: -With repeated uses the edges of the launcher appear to get scuffed and scratched -Some ingrained staining on the edges persists requiring scrubbing to remove -There is a mild worry that with time the launcher may snap
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Reviewed in the United States on September 4, 2024
R
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RAWN001
Grantham, US
★★★★★ 5
My dog loves it
Size: 25in, Style: Sport
I am amazed at how far I can throw a tennis ball. My dog and I absolutely love this. What happens to work well with the squeaky balls?I get on amazon as well. I have one of these at home, And I keep another one in the truck. Very durable, The balls have good bounce, My dog and I have a lot of fun with it. My dog doesn't chew much on balls, But this one seems like it's going to stand out, I love the versatility, Hey can handle almost ending ball that same size. Are you solid rubber bouncy balls, Squeak. Ing tuba balls, Whiffle balls with all the holes in it, Even the squeaky chewing balls. As long as there are that same size. love the product. I've been using them for a few years.
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Reviewed in the United States on July 22, 2024

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